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[MUSIC]

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Sustainability unwrapped.

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A conversational podcast about responsibility, ethics,

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inequalities, climate change and other challenges of our times.

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Where science needs practice to think about the world and

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how to make our society more sustainable, one Podcast at a time.

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[MUSIC]

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>> Hello everyone, welcome to the podcast, sustainability Unwrap.

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I am Alkhimid Masoudi postdoc researcher at Home log

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institute at Honking School of Economies in Finland.

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Today, I'm very happy excited to have a very fruitful

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session on this episode of podcast,

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about important topic titled the Environmental Impact of Cash and

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Voucher Assistance in Humanitarian setting.

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And today I will have two special guests,

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so we are going to discuss about this topic.

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Our first guest is Mr. Jose Yoda, is based in Madrid

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is a Technical Advisor Cash Learning Partnership.

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So he did a lot of projects in humanitarian settings for

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like many years and he got to introduce himself later on.

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And also we have MS Valerie Leon, so

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I'm very happy and you're welcome.

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So could you maybe shortly Jose introduce yourself and

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also Valerie later, yeah.

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>> Thank you, I mean for your introduction and

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thank you Hank in schools of Economics for the invitation to participate

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in this podcast about such a critical topic as you describe.

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Whereas you mentioned, I'm a Technical Advisor

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at the Cash Learning Partnership called,

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which is a global network of 90 organizations,

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including UN, donors, NGOs, private sector, etcetera.

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That are all engaged in the areas of policy, practice and

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research on humanitarian cash and virtual assistance and

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more broadly in financial assistance.

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Just to highlight that I have both development and

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international cooperation background and also a graduating environmental sciences.

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And yeah based now in Madrid but I've been living and

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working in different contexts including Latin, America, Saharan Africa,

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the Mena region and engage also always different on my channel organization,

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so really happy to participate in this initiative.

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>> Thank you, thank you, thank you very much,

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sounds that we've got a lot of experience.

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I mean working with different organizations, specifically more

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recently with Cash learning partnership with a number of projects.

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I'm going on Cash and voucher assistance programs, MS Valerie,

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maybe you have like, you can introduce yourselves, I mean.

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>> Yes, hello everybody and glad to be with you today,

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to talk about the environmental impact of cash and voucher assistance.

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So I'm a researcher at the group allay, which is a nonprofit but

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I think Hank and humanitarian practices and policies.

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And I have been also filled a humanitarian worker for

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10 years, mainly with ICIC on the field and

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today as a researcher evaluator,

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I'm focusing on issues related to resilience and

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strategic programming of organizations.

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>> Okay, thank you very much for the introduction and

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hopefully today we'll have a very fruitful session, for

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I mean the audience maybe who are not familiar with the cash and

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voucher assistance, it's like slightly different with the social

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Safety net program, which is like kind of covered by the Government.

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However, always cash and vouches aimed to be like kind of integrated at the end

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during the recovery and development with the Social Safety net programs.

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But Cash and voucher if I like have to, given definitions using

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the cash learning partnership Close three, it actually is defined

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as the provision of money which is cash or vouchers to individuals.

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Which can be used as emergency relief to address basic

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needs such as food, shelter, health, sanitation.

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And also we can be like kind of as a mode of support to economic activities

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to like kind of those businesses were like disrupted during the crisis such

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as this recent like pandemic, it can help to build the economic the market,

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the local suppliers to get back to normal and business.

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So traditionally, I mean in kind assistance more

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like well like routine during disasters.

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So humanitarian organizations brought massive workloads of the goods and

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items delivered to the people.

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However more recently cash during the like Grand Bar game there

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was like an emphasis toward cash and voucher assistance instead of in kind,

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how are these two, are like very complimentary.

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And so we see a dramatic growth for cash and

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voucher from 2016, 2019 which is double.

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So today is like around 18% of humanitarian assistance

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allocated in terms of I mean cash and voucher assistance.

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So that's the importance of this phenomenon.

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And looking into these cash and voucher assistance programming,

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there are lots of guidelines to all kids.

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And reports from different humanitarian organization,

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they looked into different aspect of cash and voucher, for example,

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Cash and voucher and effectiveness, Cash and

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voucher and data responsibility, Cash and voucher preparedness.

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However, looking into the literature that like few studies conducted

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specifically by academics to connect and look into the environmental

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aspect of cash and voucher assistance, which is slightly missing.

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There are a couple of reports more recently published

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which is one is published by URD.

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And Valerie is one of the co author of this report, which they regularly look

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into the environmental impact using a couple of case studies based in Africa.

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So I'm gonna question Valerie, so can you just say that whether

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it is like this concept linking environment to the cash is important?

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And so what you found from those your research which is

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published in that report, maybe you can briefly summarize?

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>> [COUGH] Thank you Hammond.

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It is true that today, given the perspective of

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systemic humanitarian crisis in the future,

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humanitarian actors are becoming increasingly more aware

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of the repercussions of their action on the environment.

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This includes their environmental footprint,

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footprint of their operations and this is true for CVA,

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cash and voter assistance, but it is not limited only to the footprint,

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environmental impact must be analyzed in a broader sense.

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And as you say, it until now,

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this issue has been overlooked by humanitarian organization,

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in this imperative to save lives in complex emergency context.

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And it is true that the criteria of efficiency and

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choice of beneficiaries have often been given

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priority over environmental protection.

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>> Thank you, so you say actually the key challenge,

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I mean cash and voucher is very important and

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then look into the environmental impact of it is critical.

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However, you mentioned that like it's I mean, the priority is given to the like

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kind of purchasing power, dignity and also the cost effectiveness of the program.

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So, maybe Jose you want to add anything else, I mean,

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on this relationship and then why it's like kind of,

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I mean ignored by humanitarian practitioner,

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is it not their priority at the first place?

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>> Yeah, thank you, I mean, I just would like to add that,

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I mean, we need first probably to understand cash and

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bolted assistance evolution in the past years.

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And we can say that in reality CVA started as a system changer and

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a severe practitioners, we needed to fight against

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many preconceptions in regards to corruption,

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to misuse of money, political acceptance, etcetera.

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And every time we needed to justify very hard while we were

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using cash, instead of kind of or service provision.

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This as you playing it in the introduction has has changed in many respects and

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yeah the use of cash has double right from 2016 to 2019.

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And now the question is not anymore about the quantity, but more about the quality.

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And this aspect of quality includes of course the integration of

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environmental considerations, just very briefly in this regard,

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CVA is not very different to the other type of humanitarian assistance.

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But truth is that CVA has some characteristics that could

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support environmental footprint reduction and we believe or

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I believe that CBA stakeholders need to commit to it.

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CBA was not conceived to law our environmental footprint of

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the humanitarian response.

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But yes, to simplify processes, increase the rapid response and

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adapt better the response to beneficiary needs and local systems and context.

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So all of this should also live right to the decrease of

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the environmental footprint itself.

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>> Yeah, thank you, thank you for that, that's very important initiative,

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you mentioned that apart from that, one of the key challenges.

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I mean, Watery also mentioned the report, there was like kind of as you mentioned,

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that is giving priority to the other like kind of humanitarian plants principles.

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Which is very important, like giving the dignity and also is the speed of

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the delivering of it, which is mostly important, so like the priorities.

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And then apart from that you mentioned also, there's like lack of appropriate

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tools to actually h specifically standard tools to measure this kind of,

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to integrate the environmental impact indication about your assistance.

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We want to add or like kind of

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explain on this challenge.

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>> Yeah, maybe just to follow on this, it is true that a certain

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number of organizations recently have become more and

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increasingly aware of the end of their environmental responsibility.

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And that's why some organizations developed environmental policies and

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they are looking at the impact of their actions and

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actually it doesn't contradict some humanitarian principles.

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Because we can consider that it's a question of overall

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coherence of responsibility with regard to the do no harm principle,

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which is also a key humanitarian concept.

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However, as you say, the the environmental cost of aid operations,

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in terms of reducing their environmental footprint as well as other potential

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effects of CVA on the environment are rarely taken into accounting programming.

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And this is mainly also by the lack of tools and

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guides to assess the potential impacts and

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risks on the environment.

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>> Yeah, that's a good point.

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And adding to that, I found like there is sustainability and

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environmental standards which also populist in the sphere project,

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they are like more on in kind assistance.

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So, I wonder what it is like kind of any standard methods

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like to measure the environmental impact of cash and

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voucher assistance, which is not specified in a sphere project,

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but in other kind of guidelines or tool kits, if there is any.

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>> I believe if you take one of the criteria of the CHS,

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the core humanitarian standard.

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[INAUDIBLE] >> Yes.

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>> To avoid and mitigate the negative impacts of any

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humanitarian intervention, notably on the environment.

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But we can also think on the negative impact on the social conditions and

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some organizations argue that we shall combine the respect

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towards the environment and to minimum social conditions.

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Both must be linked and combined.

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>> Okay.

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I may ask Jose, is there any other further challenges when we want to for example,

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integrate the environmental impact of environmental indicators to the cash and

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voucher programs through a cash operation cycle,

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Is there any other challenges which inhibits the application?

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>> Yeah.

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Just to add on the former, It's true

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that CBA is flexible in terms of design.

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>> And in terms of how you design the program, and

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how you adapt it to the specific context and to the objectives of the program.

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>> So in this regard, is quite important to make sure that we

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are considering the environmental aspect at all levels,

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when we are in regards to the present cycles, to the specific CBA present cycle.

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When we are looking at purely operational impact of CBA,

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this is something that is considered already in a couple of studies,

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not the one already mentioned from URD and

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another one not from UMSCR and AROP.

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It is indeed a good begining but still there's the need not for

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more evidences especially when we are comparing CBA

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environmental footprint with other modalities.

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One indicator about the, one indicator that is showing

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that the awareness is increasing is that for example,

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they go in it's thematic policy on transfer paper that is still in Iraq.

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Is including here the need to make full use of the low environmental

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impact of cash and the benefits of supporting local production.

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And also mentioning that market assessment should include an environmental

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perspective.

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So all those are changes that will most probably

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have an impact in the futher consideration

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of those criteria in CBA programming.

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>> Okay, thank you very much.

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You've highlighted actually this connection of environmental

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indicators can be integrated through the cash operation cycle.

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This is a good approach to start looking into the cash operation cycle.

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Which is starting by the rigor needs assessment, and then market assessment,

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and then contracting with the financial service providers.

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Procurement of the FSPs or financial service provider and

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then the implementation design of CBA, and then monitoring.

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So if you want to for example add couple of practices to actually,

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to integrate these environmental practices through the cash operation cycle.

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Do you want to add any kind of practices based on your experience?

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Or you can give an example in a specific contribute they've done.

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For example, I've had UNHCR, they had a project

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based in what kind of eruption response in Colombia and

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then through the cash working group in Colombia together

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with UNDP they compiled a couple of practices.

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This is just published in 2020, and they for

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example, they mentioned about minimizing the paper

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voucher which is not environmentally friendly.

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However, the question is that in certain areas specifically in developing

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countries affected by disaster, maybe the infrastructure is not in place for

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example technological infrastructure.

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So how to cope with that, reducing the paper vouchers which you know from,

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Is there any trade off between these two?

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The infrastructure and environmental impact.

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00:20:02,018 --> 00:20:04,166
>> Yeah.

248
00:20:04,166 --> 00:20:10,085
Indeed, we definitely need to support right?

249
00:20:10,085 --> 00:20:14,804
The practical application of CBA to both reduce operational environmental

250
00:20:14,804 --> 00:20:17,024
footprint as you were mentioning.

251
00:20:17,024 --> 00:20:21,377
And also to CBA programming to respond to

252
00:20:21,377 --> 00:20:26,381
natural disasters and climate change related crisis.

253
00:20:26,381 --> 00:20:32,150
A couple of examples in relation to some, to the integration right?

254
00:20:32,150 --> 00:20:37,253
Of those environmental criteria, a different level of

255
00:20:37,253 --> 00:20:43,669
the of the project cycle could be for instance how we integrate right?

256
00:20:43,669 --> 00:20:46,905
In market assessment and analyze analysis,

257
00:20:46,905 --> 00:20:51,504
how you include some more information about the environment and

258
00:20:51,504 --> 00:20:57,057
footprint of the market supply chain, and the products that are available.

259
00:20:57,057 --> 00:21:01,652
So providing or giving an emphasis oon local products that

260
00:21:01,652 --> 00:21:06,174
are generated by low environmental impact and quality.

261
00:21:06,174 --> 00:21:10,447
For example, when we are comparing vegetable that are from,

262
00:21:10,447 --> 00:21:13,911
coming from organic or agriecological farming.

263
00:21:13,911 --> 00:21:14,861
>> Yes.

264
00:21:14,861 --> 00:21:17,165
>> And agricultural intensive production.

265
00:21:17,165 --> 00:21:21,343
Another one could be the need or

266
00:21:21,343 --> 00:21:28,431
the importance of including in the needs analysis.

267
00:21:28,431 --> 00:21:34,216
We consider key processes where people are affected by crisis,

268
00:21:34,216 --> 00:21:39,679
how they access to basic environmental goods and services,

269
00:21:39,679 --> 00:21:44,086
or who need to be consider in the needs analysis.

270
00:21:44,086 --> 00:21:49,247
For example, aspect related to access and use of energy could be also

271
00:21:49,247 --> 00:21:54,501
included when we are doing the minimum expenditure basket analysis.

272
00:21:54,501 --> 00:21:58,382
That is further informing the value of the grant.

273
00:21:58,382 --> 00:22:02,358
This was done for example for the minimum expenditure basket in Uganda.

274
00:22:02,358 --> 00:22:05,401
Integrating in the value of the grant,

275
00:22:05,401 --> 00:22:09,275
the needs that were relating to access to energy,

276
00:22:09,275 --> 00:22:14,623
ensuring that somehow they will be able to purchase those products or

277
00:22:14,623 --> 00:22:19,998
services at the market level and not to go into the nature and find it.

278
00:22:19,998 --> 00:22:21,030
>> Thank you.

279
00:22:21,030 --> 00:22:25,905
Jose, that's a very good example and case this in Africa.

280
00:22:25,905 --> 00:22:29,750
So you mean that this environmental concern or

281
00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:33,796
practices can be integrated to the for example,

282
00:22:33,796 --> 00:22:39,235
to the needs assessment and market assessment that they want to.

283
00:22:39,235 --> 00:22:44,174
For example, do the cash visibility and then they consider this with

284
00:22:44,174 --> 00:22:49,113
the suppliers and also with the people who are purchasing to make sure

285
00:22:49,113 --> 00:22:54,071
that they're okay, they are environmentally friendly products.

286
00:22:54,071 --> 00:22:57,920
And then also on energy efficiency of for example,

287
00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:02,218
using renewable energies when they want to for example,

288
00:23:02,218 --> 00:23:06,978
the use or spend their cash for example, instead of firewood.

289
00:23:06,978 --> 00:23:10,461
Valerie, you want to add anything to this?

290
00:23:10,461 --> 00:23:17,552
>> Yeah, it's very interesting all these technical details and

291
00:23:17,552 --> 00:23:23,036
examples given by Jose and I fully agree of course

292
00:23:23,036 --> 00:23:28,119
that it is important to start and to improve,

293
00:23:28,119 --> 00:23:33,641
anticipating risk of this type of programming.

294
00:23:33,641 --> 00:23:41,922
And this must rely notably on existing tools like market analysis,

295
00:23:41,922 --> 00:23:45,844
analysis of energy supply, and

296
00:23:45,844 --> 00:23:53,414
also the types of use by the households of the energy sources.

297
00:23:53,414 --> 00:23:59,625
As well as an analysis of the local supplies of suppliers,

298
00:23:59,625 --> 00:24:04,566
to find ways to deliver cash or vouchers in a way

299
00:24:04,566 --> 00:24:09,539
which can be beneficial for the environment.

300
00:24:09,539 --> 00:24:17,657
And that's my second point beyond this direct operational impact of the CBA,

301
00:24:17,657 --> 00:24:21,961
there is a need also to think of the broader

302
00:24:21,961 --> 00:24:27,017
effects of the programming on the environment.

303
00:24:27,017 --> 00:24:33,263
What I mean is more related to the broader objective of the programme.

304
00:24:33,263 --> 00:24:36,463
Like any type of intervention,

305
00:24:36,463 --> 00:24:41,321
CBA must think in terms of global objective, and

306
00:24:41,321 --> 00:24:46,298
I believe that there are ways to better promote and

307
00:24:46,298 --> 00:24:50,446
to boost the positive potential of CBA for

308
00:24:50,446 --> 00:24:54,595
such objectives like the preservation or

309
00:24:54,595 --> 00:24:58,297
the protection of the environment.

310
00:24:58,297 --> 00:25:05,150
So for instance, one way to do this is to combine distribution of cash or

311
00:25:05,150 --> 00:25:09,280
vouchers with other types of activities.

312
00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:16,471
For instance, to promote ecologically sustainable production locally or

313
00:25:16,471 --> 00:25:20,864
to promote responsible consumer practices.

314
00:25:20,864 --> 00:25:26,331
So this can go through raising awareness session on responsible

315
00:25:26,331 --> 00:25:31,101
consumption, waste reduction, etcetera etcetera.

316
00:25:31,101 --> 00:25:37,311
And that's one of the conclusion of our study published last year.

317
00:25:37,311 --> 00:25:41,144
Not to forget about this potential of CBA,

318
00:25:41,144 --> 00:25:46,361
to contribute to the mitigation of environmental risk but

319
00:25:46,361 --> 00:25:51,807
also to contribute to the preservation of the environment.

320
00:25:51,807 --> 00:25:57,035
So it's a new way of planning humanitarian

321
00:25:57,035 --> 00:26:02,418
actions with this responsibility in mind.

322
00:26:02,418 --> 00:26:09,249
It's like changing a bit our lens, or to green our humanitarian lens.

323
00:26:09,249 --> 00:26:11,133
>> Okay.

324
00:26:11,133 --> 00:26:14,030
Thank you Valerie.

325
00:26:14,030 --> 00:26:16,790
It's very good points.

326
00:26:16,790 --> 00:26:21,285
You refer to both, okay first at the strategic level,

327
00:26:21,285 --> 00:26:27,444
this environmental concept needs to be integrated to the whole concept and

328
00:26:27,444 --> 00:26:32,626
idea of humanitarian assistance and specifically for cash and

329
00:26:32,626 --> 00:26:37,440
voucher to combine and promote sustainable production.

330
00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:41,841
And also responsible consumption to just integrate in to the whole

331
00:26:41,841 --> 00:26:46,094
process of the cash operation cycle, which is very important.

332
00:26:46,094 --> 00:26:52,256
And also who they mentioned are more on operational level.

333
00:26:52,256 --> 00:26:57,471
On that, what kind of technical aspect can be approached

334
00:26:57,471 --> 00:27:02,687
across different phases and different stages of cash and

335
00:27:02,687 --> 00:27:08,680
voucher program cycle to develop more sustainable activities?

336
00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:14,393
This is absolutely connect to the sustainable development goals agenda,

337
00:27:14,393 --> 00:27:20,377
which is highly emphasized and the climate change and environmental issues,

338
00:27:20,377 --> 00:27:26,468
and also the use of cash which is highly important starting like grand bargain.

339
00:27:26,468 --> 00:27:29,481
So definitely it is to all relevant, and

340
00:27:29,481 --> 00:27:34,180
can be integrated definitely there are other priorities, but

341
00:27:34,180 --> 00:27:38,008
of course environmental issues can be respected.

342
00:27:38,008 --> 00:27:43,088
And apart from that and during the, operationally I found that it's

343
00:27:43,088 --> 00:27:48,871
on procurement of financial service provided because they play a huge role for

344
00:27:48,871 --> 00:27:52,835
cash transfers to the beneficiaries that last mile.

345
00:27:52,835 --> 00:27:59,723
And specifically with this era of digitalization.

346
00:27:59,723 --> 00:28:01,766
So it's improve the cash and

347
00:28:01,766 --> 00:28:07,220
voucher assistant effectiveness as it increase the speed of the delivery,

348
00:28:07,220 --> 00:28:12,844
and also reduce somehow the environmental impact because it's no printing,

349
00:28:12,844 --> 00:28:16,275
documentation, so it helps the environment.

350
00:28:16,275 --> 00:28:19,603
So for the procurement, do you have any suggestions?

351
00:28:19,603 --> 00:28:25,268
When humanitarian organizations, they connect with the FSPs,

352
00:28:25,268 --> 00:28:30,829
so when they let contract framework, any kind of practices they

353
00:28:30,829 --> 00:28:37,017
can include to the contract with regard to the environmental aspects?

354
00:28:37,017 --> 00:28:44,346
>> Well, one thing to highlight here is the fact that probably there is,

355
00:28:44,346 --> 00:28:50,818
obviously there is a big push for digitalization in general.

356
00:28:50,818 --> 00:28:54,901
And this is also at the core of the cash and

357
00:28:54,901 --> 00:28:58,517
voucher assistance programming.

358
00:28:58,517 --> 00:29:06,186
Still, this is something that needs to be probably a little better understood,

359
00:29:06,186 --> 00:29:10,811
especially when we are speaking about comparing

360
00:29:10,811 --> 00:29:15,346
the environmental footprint of the physical.

361
00:29:15,346 --> 00:29:19,952
Let's say, the well printing cards and

362
00:29:19,952 --> 00:29:25,926
the physical cards, et cetera versus the digital.

363
00:29:25,926 --> 00:29:30,261
Also, we see in regards to the needs of energy and so on,

364
00:29:30,261 --> 00:29:33,690
we need to better understand and quantify.

365
00:29:33,690 --> 00:29:40,443
Also know the environmental footprint of digital

366
00:29:40,443 --> 00:29:45,142
and digital transaction and etcetera.

367
00:29:45,142 --> 00:29:50,000
So, still this is one aspect where I believe that

368
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:54,989
more research is needed in order to clarify that.

369
00:29:54,989 --> 00:29:58,018
But, And

370
00:29:58,018 --> 00:30:03,635
here we are trying also to prioritize needs and

371
00:30:03,635 --> 00:30:08,106
preferences of the aid recipients.

372
00:30:08,106 --> 00:30:14,320
And for that digitalization it's in many context.

373
00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:19,003
It's kind of the right way in order to reduce transportation costs.

374
00:30:19,003 --> 00:30:24,636
And transportation, also environmental footprint, etc.

375
00:30:24,636 --> 00:30:27,828
So there are many positive aspects in this regard.

376
00:30:27,828 --> 00:30:35,127
I just wanted to highlight that we need to remember also that we are,

377
00:30:35,127 --> 00:30:41,286
I mean, CVA really flexible in the way that is designed.

378
00:30:41,286 --> 00:30:44,814
So it could be adaptable to many possibilities.

379
00:30:44,814 --> 00:30:49,926
But we also need to remember that we are speaking also about humanitarian action,

380
00:30:49,926 --> 00:30:53,424
and saving lives, and this humanitarian imperative.

381
00:30:53,424 --> 00:30:58,874
And in these regards we need to, as in many cases decision maker or

382
00:30:58,874 --> 00:31:03,646
considering that we are managing the programs and so on.

383
00:31:03,646 --> 00:31:08,092
We need to make sure that we are not put in the responsibility of

384
00:31:08,092 --> 00:31:10,840
reducing environmental footprint.

385
00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:17,767
At least exclusively into the people that are affected by by crisis, right?

386
00:31:17,767 --> 00:31:18,515
>> Yes. >> And

387
00:31:18,515 --> 00:31:22,645
trying in fact to survive in very hard situation.

388
00:31:22,645 --> 00:31:27,982
So this is one of the trade off that we need to consider, right?

389
00:31:27,982 --> 00:31:30,250
>> Yeah. >> How we can incorporate

390
00:31:30,250 --> 00:31:35,277
the environmental aspect in the CVA programming.

391
00:31:35,277 --> 00:31:41,090
Allowing aid recipients to reduce also the kind of footprint,

392
00:31:41,090 --> 00:31:46,027
but without putting probably higher responsibility

393
00:31:46,027 --> 00:31:50,206
on then considering all sorts of situation.

394
00:31:50,206 --> 00:31:55,419
>> Thank you for the, I mean, good points you mentioned here.

395
00:31:55,419 --> 00:31:59,526
They should be damn taken into account.

396
00:31:59,526 --> 00:32:04,719
Maybe this is my, I mean, last questions.

397
00:32:04,719 --> 00:32:09,836
So to wrap up our discussion, do you have any kind of

398
00:32:09,836 --> 00:32:15,787
recommendations you propose to different stakeholders?

399
00:32:15,787 --> 00:32:19,715
So, I mean, and how they can approach and

400
00:32:19,715 --> 00:32:26,573
apply this environmental impact to the CVA programs more effectively?

401
00:32:26,573 --> 00:32:27,524
>> Yes, thank you.

402
00:32:27,524 --> 00:32:35,692
I mean, I believe we already mentioned a few lines for the future.

403
00:32:35,692 --> 00:32:40,868
But just to wrap up, as we said it's important to

404
00:32:40,868 --> 00:32:46,683
continue raising awareness about this environmental

405
00:32:46,683 --> 00:32:52,260
issues among humanitarian and CVA practitioners.

406
00:32:52,260 --> 00:32:55,668
It's coming, we have said.

407
00:32:55,668 --> 00:32:58,944
But it shall continue.

408
00:32:58,944 --> 00:33:04,954
Also it's important to include these environmental considerations

409
00:33:04,954 --> 00:33:09,649
more systematically in CVA policies and strategies.

410
00:33:09,649 --> 00:33:15,543
In order to encourage this type of analysis

411
00:33:15,543 --> 00:33:20,792
at the very start of the programming.

412
00:33:20,792 --> 00:33:24,992
We talked about the programmatic tools,

413
00:33:24,992 --> 00:33:30,874
which must be amended to reflect better considerations.

414
00:33:30,874 --> 00:33:36,424
And I also want you to underline again the potential for

415
00:33:36,424 --> 00:33:40,287
environmental preservation through

416
00:33:40,287 --> 00:33:45,607
the implementation of complementary approaches.

417
00:33:45,607 --> 00:33:51,027
Combining CVA with market based interventions.

418
00:33:51,027 --> 00:33:57,134
Technical assistance towards the suppliers, for instance, the providers.

419
00:33:57,134 --> 00:34:02,821
Or awareness raising activities in terms of environmental

420
00:34:02,821 --> 00:34:07,379
education, eco-friendly practices, etc.

421
00:34:07,379 --> 00:34:12,874
And again, as Jose said, I fully agree, to avoid also transferring

422
00:34:12,874 --> 00:34:19,435
the responsibility of the environmental footprint towards the beneficiaries.

423
00:34:19,435 --> 00:34:25,993
It's the responsibility of the operators to think and anticipate beforehand.

424
00:34:25,993 --> 00:34:32,398
And finally, my last point would be to maybe reinforce the coordination

425
00:34:32,398 --> 00:34:37,648
between the CVA community and the environment community.

426
00:34:37,648 --> 00:34:42,986
Or those practitioners, even in the aid sector,

427
00:34:42,986 --> 00:34:49,343
who think either technically in terms of CVA programming or

428
00:34:49,343 --> 00:34:53,678
in terms of environmental objectives.

429
00:34:53,678 --> 00:35:01,417
I believe these guys could get closer together to launch and

430
00:35:01,417 --> 00:35:06,217
to reflect upon initiatives somehow

431
00:35:06,217 --> 00:35:14,259
to greener humanitarian action.

432
00:35:14,259 --> 00:35:16,105
>> Thank you, thank you, thank you, Valerie.

433
00:35:16,105 --> 00:35:19,773
Very good points you mentioned.

434
00:35:19,773 --> 00:35:24,537
Jose, you want to add anything at the final point?

435
00:35:24,537 --> 00:35:31,907
>> Yeah, well, I totally agree with the points that Valerie was highlighting.

436
00:35:31,907 --> 00:35:36,484
Just to re emphasize the fact that we

437
00:35:36,484 --> 00:35:41,519
probably need to be able to provide more

438
00:35:41,519 --> 00:35:47,487
visibility to the CVA and environment space.

439
00:35:47,487 --> 00:35:51,285
CVA is used, right, in multiple context and crisis.

440
00:35:51,285 --> 00:35:54,975
And this also involve climate related shocks and

441
00:35:54,975 --> 00:35:58,395
natural disaster, environmental crisis.

442
00:35:58,395 --> 00:36:02,125
So this is something that in reality is already happening.

443
00:36:02,125 --> 00:36:06,369
And there are documented example, right, of effect of cash.

444
00:36:06,369 --> 00:36:10,137
Reducing, for example, deforestation in Indonesia.

445
00:36:10,137 --> 00:36:14,440
Or reducing negative coping strategies, like avoiding selling

446
00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:18,987
productive assets when people are affected by drought in Ethiopia.

447
00:36:18,987 --> 00:36:26,256
Or cash supporting health to prepare to monsoon big flutes hitting in Bangladesh.

448
00:36:26,256 --> 00:36:32,446
So, however, this capacity of CVA to address environmental shocks needs,

449
00:36:32,446 --> 00:36:36,461
as I said, not to better visibilize and explore.

450
00:36:36,461 --> 00:36:40,157
Gathering more evidences about it and

451
00:36:40,157 --> 00:36:45,360
also suggest programmatic adaptation when needed.

452
00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:51,045
Another thing is also to highlight that, well,

453
00:36:51,045 --> 00:36:56,036
in regards to the tools and how to integrate

454
00:36:56,036 --> 00:37:02,290
the environmental aspect in the CVA specific tools.

455
00:37:02,290 --> 00:37:07,497
I won't say we are speaking about developing specific tools for that or

456
00:37:07,497 --> 00:37:12,200
create, but more adapting or complementing the existing one.

457
00:37:12,200 --> 00:37:15,604
So we can contribute to the integration, right,

458
00:37:15,604 --> 00:37:21,211
of climate change environmental criteria at various levels of CVA programming.

459
00:37:21,211 --> 00:37:25,491
And finally, just to highlight that, I mean, CVA and

460
00:37:25,491 --> 00:37:28,384
environment is the future, right?

461
00:37:28,384 --> 00:37:32,743
And the interest is already here.

462
00:37:32,743 --> 00:37:37,553
And the proof also is this Nascent Community of Practice

463
00:37:37,553 --> 00:37:42,477
from December 2020 that now is being hosted by CaLP.

464
00:37:42,477 --> 00:37:45,622
But there are more than 50 organization and

465
00:37:45,622 --> 00:37:50,588
agencies that are participating and has showed they're interested in

466
00:37:50,588 --> 00:37:55,404
engaging further in this common space between CVA and environment.

467
00:37:55,404 --> 00:38:02,553
So this is somehow showing us the way to follow.

468
00:38:02,553 --> 00:38:03,957
>> Thank you, thank you, Jose.

469
00:38:03,957 --> 00:38:05,182
Good points you mentioned.

470
00:38:05,182 --> 00:38:08,710
And it's like your last point, I mean, CaLP,

471
00:38:08,710 --> 00:38:12,427
I'm sure that they're different initiatives.

472
00:38:12,427 --> 00:38:18,669
But cash and environment is one of the new initiatives since starting 2020.

473
00:38:18,669 --> 00:38:22,723
And it's very, I mean, excellent opportunity.

474
00:38:22,723 --> 00:38:27,163
As there are many different NGOs involving in such a network and

475
00:38:27,163 --> 00:38:28,936
community of practice.

476
00:38:28,936 --> 00:38:34,993
They share idea about this kind of how we can implement this environmental impact,

477
00:38:34,993 --> 00:38:37,338
education voucher assistant.

478
00:38:37,338 --> 00:38:40,675
How to measure it, how to integrate it with the programs.

479
00:38:40,675 --> 00:38:43,502
So I think more are upcoming and

480
00:38:43,502 --> 00:38:48,737
I'm sure that Super House we can get involved with this.

481
00:38:48,737 --> 00:38:52,970
We see more evidence based research and studies looking into

482
00:38:52,970 --> 00:38:58,037
the environmental effect of cash and voucher assistance in the future.

483
00:38:58,037 --> 00:39:03,583
And Valerie, you mentioned that it's like kind of the need to provide

484
00:39:03,583 --> 00:39:08,856
more awareness, public awareness on the environmental issues.

485
00:39:08,856 --> 00:39:14,216
Specifically on those countries affected by disasters and vulnerable people.

486
00:39:14,216 --> 00:39:20,184
But this need a systematic procedure and also advocacy with the government.

487
00:39:20,184 --> 00:39:25,432
And then different stakeholders to make this as

488
00:39:25,432 --> 00:39:30,686
a policy to integrate cash to the environment.

489
00:39:30,686 --> 00:39:37,127
And I think today I've enjoyed our discussion too much.

490
00:39:37,127 --> 00:39:40,462
I've learned, I mean, myself I learned a lot about this.

491
00:39:40,462 --> 00:39:47,554
Because at HUMLOG Institute we're doing a research project on cash and

492
00:39:47,554 --> 00:39:52,647
carry, which is supported by Academy of Finland.

493
00:39:52,647 --> 00:39:55,906
We're looking into the delivery of the cash and

494
00:39:55,906 --> 00:40:01,131
voucher in complex emergencies in those countries affected by disasters.

495
00:40:01,131 --> 00:40:06,163
Of course we don't look into the environmental impact, but this is very

496
00:40:06,163 --> 00:40:11,617
important to consider, which is neglected in the academic research as well.

497
00:40:11,617 --> 00:40:16,037
So the people over there, like humanitarian organization,

498
00:40:16,037 --> 00:40:20,712
always prioritize, I mean, the needs to provide kind of further

499
00:40:20,712 --> 00:40:24,121
dignity to the people, to the beneficiaries.

500
00:40:24,121 --> 00:40:28,224
Of course, you mentioned that we do not need to transfer the responsibility of

501
00:40:28,224 --> 00:40:30,165
environment to the beneficiaries.

502
00:40:30,165 --> 00:40:32,501
They need to purchase whatsoever they want.

503
00:40:32,501 --> 00:40:34,475
However, they can't be responsible.

504
00:40:34,475 --> 00:40:38,897
But this responsibility's more shifted toward the implementing partners,

505
00:40:38,897 --> 00:40:41,980
like humanitarian organizations or the government.

506
00:40:41,980 --> 00:40:45,847
Which they need to actually integrate the environmental impact.

507
00:40:45,847 --> 00:40:48,373
We have a very fruitful discussion.

508
00:40:48,373 --> 00:40:51,767
Any last comments you want to add?

509
00:40:51,767 --> 00:40:56,079
>> Maybe just to say that cash and voucher assistance,

510
00:40:56,079 --> 00:40:59,903
like any type of humanitarian intervention,

511
00:40:59,903 --> 00:41:05,697
will have effects on the environment, either positive or negative.

512
00:41:05,697 --> 00:41:12,180
And it's interesting to hear about your study at Ankara University.

513
00:41:12,180 --> 00:41:17,293
Because, of course, many of the factors

514
00:41:17,293 --> 00:41:21,969
which explain this negative impact on

515
00:41:21,969 --> 00:41:27,389
the environment will be external factors.

516
00:41:27,389 --> 00:41:32,785
And will be linked to the social and

517
00:41:32,785 --> 00:41:36,515
economic structures.

518
00:41:36,515 --> 00:41:42,200
So, of course, it's the responsibility of organizations

519
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:47,334
to anticipate and mitigate the risk of their actions.

520
00:41:47,334 --> 00:41:53,858
But there is also reflection on the structural factors and

521
00:41:53,858 --> 00:42:01,060
obstacles to have a positive contribution on the environment.

522
00:42:01,060 --> 00:42:05,752
So, and here, let's say that we can make also the link

523
00:42:05,752 --> 00:42:09,628
between the humanitarian interventions and

524
00:42:09,628 --> 00:42:13,713
the development sector or the private sector.

525
00:42:13,713 --> 00:42:15,875
And the development of local economies.

526
00:42:15,875 --> 00:42:22,485
So just to say that many factors are also external to the organization.

527
00:42:22,485 --> 00:42:26,664
So the minimum responsibility is to anticipate and mitigate the risk.

528
00:42:26,664 --> 00:42:31,684
And to think through the broader objectives of their actions

529
00:42:31,684 --> 00:42:36,615
when they try to save life or to intervene after a disaster.

530
00:42:36,615 --> 00:42:37,884
>> Yeah, thank you.

531
00:42:37,884 --> 00:42:45,141
>> Yeah, I mean, I totally agree with Valerie's last comment.

532
00:42:45,141 --> 00:42:51,139
I would like to emphasize the fact that we have knowledge, right,

533
00:42:51,139 --> 00:42:56,936
that climate change and environment is still space to explore.

534
00:42:56,936 --> 00:43:02,457
But main thing that is needed is in fact a strong

535
00:43:02,457 --> 00:43:07,982
commitment to further integrate those aspect

536
00:43:07,982 --> 00:43:15,505
into the CVA policy organizational and technical framework.

537
00:43:15,505 --> 00:43:20,315
So more evidences and more practical examples showing CVA and

538
00:43:20,315 --> 00:43:23,100
value in these regards are needed.

539
00:43:23,100 --> 00:43:28,744
But I am also convinced that all those conversations

540
00:43:28,744 --> 00:43:35,295
like this one that we're having today, will help for sure.

541
00:43:35,295 --> 00:43:40,313
And that the CVA environment common space is

542
00:43:40,313 --> 00:43:47,370
also a key part of the future of the humanitarian assistance.

543
00:43:47,370 --> 00:43:52,178
And we will see it sooner than later, hopefully.

544
00:43:52,178 --> 00:43:55,918
>> Okay, okay, I'm looking forward to seeing all those reports.

545
00:43:55,918 --> 00:44:01,737
As you mentioned, CVA is flexible and adaptable to different contexts.

546
00:44:01,737 --> 00:44:05,510
And it's very context dependent and depend on the context.

547
00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:09,753
So CVA can be applied either in forms of, for example,

548
00:44:09,753 --> 00:44:13,180
restricted cash or cash for work programs.

549
00:44:13,180 --> 00:44:16,359
Or also market based interventions.

550
00:44:16,359 --> 00:44:19,269
And then can be integrated to the environmental impact.

551
00:44:19,269 --> 00:44:25,488
However, it needs commitment and needs support of different stakeholders and

552
00:44:25,488 --> 00:44:30,978
advocacy to have all this with the more evidence to come in the future.

553
00:44:30,978 --> 00:44:35,825
And also localization of this kind of environmental impact, the CVA.

554
00:44:35,825 --> 00:44:40,964
So in certain African countries maybe there's like awful digitization.

555
00:44:40,964 --> 00:44:42,339
It doesn't work or does work.

556
00:44:42,339 --> 00:44:45,798
Or they're like, renewable energy available can be applied.

557
00:44:45,798 --> 00:44:47,824
Or in certain context maybe not.

558
00:44:47,824 --> 00:44:50,899
So it's like localization of need and

559
00:44:50,899 --> 00:44:56,195
then applying this environmental concern, I think is very key.

560
00:44:56,195 --> 00:45:02,051
And then, yeah, we're all looking for more evidence based research and studies.

561
00:45:02,051 --> 00:45:07,955
Looking into the link between environment and cash and voucher assistance for

562
00:45:07,955 --> 00:45:12,977
a better society and more environmentally friendly assistance.

563
00:45:12,977 --> 00:45:14,265
Thank you very much.

564
00:45:14,265 --> 00:45:18,403
I've enjoyed a lot of our discussion today on this episode.

565
00:45:18,403 --> 00:45:20,077
Have a good day.

566
00:45:20,077 --> 00:45:22,485
And good bye, everybody.

567
00:45:22,485 --> 00:45:41,472
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